Publications

Publications of specific relevance to Applied Data Science
2020

French DP, Astley S,
Brentnall AR, Cuzick J, Dobrashian R, Duffy SW, Gorman LS, Harkness EF, Harrison F, Harvie M, Howell A, Jerrison A, Machin M, Maxwell AJ, McWilliams L, Payne K, Qureshi N, Ruane H, Sampson S, Stavrinos P, Thorpe E, Ulph F, Van Staa T, Woof V and Evans DG (2020).
What are the benefits and harms of risk stratified screening as part of the NHS breast screening Programme? Study protocol for a multi-site non-randomised comparison of BC-predict versus usual screening (NCT04359420). Bmc Cancer vol. 20, (1)
10.1186/s12885-020-07054-2
Renehan AG, Pegington M, Harvie MN, Sperrin M, Astley SM,
Brentnall AR, Howell A, Cuzick J and Gareth Evans D (2020).
Young adulthood body mass index, adult weight gain and breast cancer risk: the PROCAS Study (United Kingdom). British Journal of Cancer vol. 122, (10) 1552-1561.
10.1038/s41416-020-0807-9
Brentnall AR, van Veen EM, Harkness EF, Rafiq S, Byers H, Astley SM, Sampson S, Howell A, Newman WG, Cuzick J and Evans DGR (2020).
A case-control evaluation of 143 single nucleotide polymorphisms for breast cancer risk stratification with classical factors and mammographic density. Int J Cancer vol. 146, (8) 2122-2129.
10.1002/ijc.32541
Brentnall AR and Cuzick J (2020).
Risk Models for Breast Cancer and Their Validation. Statistical Science : a Review Journal of The Institute of Mathematical Statistics vol. 35, (1) 14-30.
10.1214/19-sts729
Moore KM, Desai A, de Luxán Delgado B, Trabulo SMD, Reader C, Brown NF, Murray ER,
Brentnall A, Howard P, Masterson L, Zammarchi F, Hartley JA, van Berkel PH and Marshall JF (2020).
Integrin αvβ6-specific therapy for pancreatic cancer developed from foot-and-mouth-disease virus. Ivyspring International Publisher Theranostics vol. 10, (7) 2930-2942.
10.7150/thno.38702
Bright CJ,
Brentnall AR, Wooldrage K, Myles J, Sasieni P and Duffy SW (2020).
Errors in determination of net survival: cause-specific and relative survival settings. Springer Nature [Academic Journals On Nature.Com] British Journal of Cancer 10.1038/s41416-020-0739-4
Wang C,
Brentnall AR, Mainprize J, Yaffe M, Cuzick J and Harvey JA (2020).
External validation of a mammographic texture marker for breast cancer risk in a case-control study. Journal of Medical Imaging vol. 7, (1)
10.1117/1.JMI.7.1.0140032019

Reader CS, Vallath S, Steele CW, Haider S,
Brentnall A, Desai A, Moore KM, Jamieson NB, Chang D, Bailey P, Scarpa A, Lawlor R,
Chelala C, Keyse SM, Biankin A, Morton JP, Evans TJ, Barry ST, Sansom OJ, Kocher HM and Marshall JF (2019).
The integrin αvβ6 drives pancreatic cancer through diverse mechanisms and represents an effective target for therapy. Journal of Pathology vol. 249, (3) 332-342.
10.1002/path.5320
Sun L,
Brentnall A, Patel S, Buist DSM, Bowles EJA, Evans DGR, Eccles D, Hopper J, Li S, Southey M, Duffy S, Cuzick J, Dos Santos Silva I, Miners A, Sadique Z, Yang L, Legood R and Manchanda R (2019).
A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Multigene Testing for All Patients with Breast Cancer. American Medical Association Jama Oncology 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.3323
Rebolj M,
Brentnall AR, Mathews C, Denton K, Holbrook M, Levine T, Sargent A, Smith J, Tidy J, Tyler X and Kitchener H (2019).
16/18 genotyping in triage of persistent human papillomavirus infections with negative cytology in the English cervical screening pilot. British Journal of Cancer vol. 121, (6) 455-463.
10.1038/s41416-019-0547-x
Sun L,
Brentnall A, Patel S, Buist SM D, Bowles JA E, Evans R DG, Eccles D, Hopper J, Li S, Duffy S, Cuzick J, dos-Santos-Silva I, Sadique Z, Yang L, Legood R and Manchanda R (2019).
66 Should we offer multi-gene testing to all patients with breast cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Bmj Publishing Group Ltd Regional Plenary 10.1136/ijgc-2019-igcs.66
Ionescu GV, Fergie M, Berks M, Harkness EF, Hulleman J,
Brentnall AR, Cuzick J, Evans DG and Astley SM (2019).
Prediction of reader estimates of mammographic density using convolutional neural networks. Journal of Medical Imaging vol. 6, (3)
10.1117/1.JMI.6.3.031405
Cook DA, Krajden M,
Brentnall AR, Gondara L, Chan T, Law JH, Smith LW, van Niekerk DJ, Ogilvie GS, Coldman AJ, Warman R, Reuter C, Cuzick J and Lorincz AT (2019).
Evaluation of a validated methylation triage signature for human papillomavirus positive women in the HPV FOCAL cervical cancer screening trial. International Journal of Cancer vol. 144, (10) 2587-2595.
10.1002/ijc.31976
Brentnall AR, Cohn WF, Knaus WA, Yaffe MJ, Cuzick J and Harvey JA (2019).
A Case-Control Study to Add Volumetric or Clinical Mammographic Density into the Tyrer-Cuzick Breast Cancer Risk Model. Oxford University Press (Oup) Journal of Breast Imaging vol. 1, (2) 99-106.
10.1093/jbi/wbz006
Cuzick J and
Brentnall A (2019).
Commentary on Terry et al., 10-Year Performance of Four Models of Breast Cancer Risk: A Validation Study. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(4):504-17. Hapres Med One vol. 4, (2)
10.20900/mo.20190006
Escala-Garcia M, Guo Q, Dörk T, Canisius S, Keeman R, Dennis J, Beesley J, Lecarpentier J, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Abraham J, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Auer PL, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bernstein L, Blomqvist C, Boeckx B, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Børresen-Dale AL, Brauch H, Brenner H,
Brentnall A, Brinton L and Broberg P (2019).
Genome-wide association study of germline variants and breast cancer-specific mortality. British Journal of Cancer vol. 120, (6) 647-657.
10.1038/s41416-019-0393-x
Evans DG, Thomas S, Caunt J, Burch A,
Brentnall AR, Roberts L, Howell A, Wilson M, Fox R, Hillier S, Sibbering DM, Moss S, Wallis MG, Eccles DM, FH02 study group and Duffy S (2019).
Final Results of the Prospective FH02 Mammographic Surveillance Study of Women Aged 35-39 at Increased Familial Risk of Breast Cancer. Eclinicalmedicine vol. 7, 39-46.
10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.01.005
Mavaddat N, Michailidou K, Dennis J, Lush M, Fachal L, Lee A, Tyrer JP, Chen TH, Wang Q, Bolla MK, Yang X, Adank MA, Ahearn T, Aittomäki K, Allen J, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Auer PL, Auvinen P, Barrdahl M, Beane Freeman LE, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bernstein L and Blomqvist C (2019).
Polygenic Risk Scores for Prediction of Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Subtypes. American Journal of Human Genetics vol. 104, (1) 21-34.
10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.002
Evans DGR, Harkness EF,
Brentnall AR, van Veen EM, Astley SM, Byers H, Sampson S, Southworth J, Stavrinos P, Howell SJ, Maxwell AJ, Howell A, Newman WG and Cuzick J (2019).
Breast cancer pathology and stage are better predicted by risk stratification models that include mammographic density and common genetic variants. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 10.1007/s10549-019-05210-22018

Rebolj M,
Brentnall A and Duffy SW (2018).
Reply to ‘Comment on ‘Addition of ultrasound to mammography in the case of dense breast tissue: systematic review and meta-analysis”. British Journal of Cancer vol. 119, (11)
10.1038/s41416-018-0247-y
Zakharova NA,
Brentnall AR, Belaya J and Bilan E (2018).
10-year results of the breast cancer screening program in Khanty-Mansiysk state region Ugra. Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of The European Society For Medical Oncology vol. 29,
10.1093/annonc/mdy297.036
Brentnall AR, Cuzick J, Buist DSM and Bowles EJA (2018).
Long-term Accuracy of Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Combining Classic Risk Factors and Breast Density. Jama Oncology vol. 4, (9)
10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0174
Buus R, Yeo B,
Brentnall AR, Klintman M, Cheang MCU, Khabra K, Sestak I, Gao Q, Cuzick J and Dowsett M (2018).
Novel 18-gene signature for predicting relapse in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research vol. 20, (1)
10.1186/s13058-018-1040-9
Atakpa EC, Thorat MA, Cuzick J and
Brentnall AR (2018).
Mammographic density, endocrine therapy and breast cancer risk: A prognostic and predictive biomarker review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews vol. 2018, (8)
10.1002/14651858.CD013091
Wang C,
Brentnall AR, Cuzick J, Harkness EF, Evans DG and Astley S (2018).
Exploring the prediction performance for breast cancer risk based on volumetric mammographic density at different thresholds. Breast Cancer Research vol. 20, (1)
10.1186/s13058-018-0979-x
Rebolj M, Assi V,
Brentnall A, Parmar D and Duffy SW (2018).
Addition of ultrasound to mammography in the case of dense breast tissue: systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Cancer vol. 118, (12) 1559-1570.
10.1038/s41416-018-0080-3
van Veen EM,
Brentnall AR, Byers H, Harkness EF, Astley SM, Sampson S, Howell A, Newman WG, Cuzick J and Evans DGR (2018).
Use of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Mammographic Density Plus Classic Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction. Jama Oncology vol. 4, (4) 476-482.
10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.4881
Astley SM, Harkness EF, Sergeant JC, WARWICK J, Stavrinos P, Warren R, Wilson M, Beetles U, Gadde S, Lim Y, Jain A, Bundred S, Barr N, Reece V,
BRENTNALL AR, CUZICK J, Howell T and Evans DG (2018).
A comparison of five methods of measuring mammographic density: a case-control study. Biomed Central Breast Cancer Research 10.1186/s13058-018-0932-z
Evans DG,
Brentnall AR, Harvie M, Astley S, Harkness EF, Stavrinos P, Donnelly LS, Sampson S, Idries F, Watterson D, Cuzick J, Wilson M, Jain A, Harrison F, Maxwell AJ and Howell A (2018).
Breast cancer risk in a screening cohort of Asian and white British/Irish women from Manchester UK. Bmc Public Health vol. 18, (1)
10.1186/s12889-018-5090-9
Howell A, Ashcroft L, Fallowfield L, Eccles DM, Eeles RA, Ward A,
Brentnall AR, Dowsett M, Cuzick JM, Greenhalgh R, Boggis C, Motion J, Sergeant JC, Adams J and Evans DG (2018).
RAZOR: A Phase II Open Randomized Trial of Screening Plus Goserelin and Raloxifene Versus Screening Alone in Premenopausal Women at Increased Risk of Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of The American Association For Cancer Research, Cosponsored by The vol. 27, (1) 58-66.
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-01582017

Wang C,
Brentnall AR, Cuzick J, Harkness EF, Evans DG and Astley S (2017).
A novel and fully automated mammographic texture analysis for risk prediction: results from two case-control studies. Breast Cancer Research : Bcr vol. 19, (1)
10.1186/s13058-017-0906-6
Vasiljevi N, Carter PD, Reuter C, Warman R,
Brentnall AR, Carton JR, Cuzick J and Lorincz AT (2017).
Role of quantitative p16INK4A mRNA assay and digital reading of p16INK4A immunostained sections in diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. International Journal of Cancer vol. 141, (4) 829-836.
10.1002/ijc.30783
Brentnall AR, Sasieni P and Cuzick J (2017).
Estimating efficacy in trials with selective crossover. Statistics in Medicine vol. 36, (15) 2333-2346.
10.1002/sim.7275
Cuzick J,
Brentnall AR, Segal C, Byers H, Reuter C, Detre S, Lopez-Knowles E, Sestak I, Howell A, Powles TJ, Newman WG and Dowsett M (2017).
Impact of a Panel of 88 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the Risk of Breast Cancer in High-Risk Women: Results From Two Randomized Tamoxifen Prevention Trials. Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of The American Society of Clinical Oncology vol. 35, (7) 743-750.
10.1200/jco.2016.69.8944
Evans DG,
Brentnall A, Byers H, Harkness E, Stavrinos P, Howell A, FH-risk study Group , Newman WG and Cuzick J (2017).
The impact of a panel of 18 SNPs on breast cancer risk in women attending a UK familial screening clinic: a case-control study. Journal of Medical Genetics vol. 54, (2) 111-113.
10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104125
Brentnall AR, Duffy SW and Cuzick J (2017).
Breast-Cancer Tumor Size and Screening Effectiveness. New England Journal of Medicine vol. 376, (1) 94-94.
10.1056/NEJMc16142822016
Brentnall AR and Cuzick J (2016).
Use of the concordance index for predictors of censored survival data. Sage Publications Statistical Methods in Medical Research vol. 27, (8) 2359-2373.
10.1177/0962280216680245
Evans DG, Astley S, Stavrinos P, Harkness E, Donnelly LS, Dawe S, Jacob I, Harvie M, Cuzick J,
Brentnall A, Wilson M, Harrison F, Payne K and Howell A (2016).
Improvement in risk prediction, early detection and prevention of breast cancer in the NHS Breast Screening Programme and family history clinics: a dual cohort study.
Brentnall AR, Cuzick J, Byers H, Segal C, Reuter C, Detre S, Sestak I, Howell A, Powles TJ, Newman WG and Dowsett M (2016).
Relationship of ZNF423 and CTSO with breast cancer risk in two randomised tamoxifen prevention trials. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment vol. 158, (3) 591-596.
10.1007/s10549-016-3885-x
Lorincz AT,
Brentnall AR, Scibior-Bentkowska D, Reuter C, Banwait R, Cadman L, Austin J, Cuzick J and Vasiljevic N (2016).
Validation of a DNA methylation HPV triage classifier in a screening sample. International Journal of Cancer vol. 138, (11) 2745-2751.
10.1002/ijc.30008
Evans DGR, Donnelly LS, Harkness EF, Astley SM, Stavrinos P, Dawe S, Watterson D, Fox L, Sergeant JC, Ingham S, Harvie MN, Wilson M, Beetles U, Buchan I,
Brentnall AR, French DP, Cuzick J and Howell A (2016).
Breast cancer risk feedback to women in the UK NHS breast screening population. British Journal of Cancer vol. 114, (9) 1045-1052.
10.1038/bjc.2016.562015
Brentnall AR, Harkness EF, Astley SM, Donnelly LS, Stavrinos P, Sampson S, Fox L, Sergeant JC, Harvie MN, Wilson M, Beetles U, Gadde S, Lim Y, Jain A, Bundred S, Barr N, Reece V, Howell A, Cuzick J and Evans DGR (2015).
Mammographic density adds accuracy to both the Tyrer-Cuzick and Gail breast cancer risk models in a prospective UK screening cohort. Breast Cancer Research 10.1186/s13058-015-0653-5
Brentnall AR, Cuzick J, Field J and Duffy SW (2015).
A concordance index for matched case-control studies with applications in cancer risk. Stat Med vol. 34, (3) 396-405.
10.1002/sim.6335
Assi V, Massat NJ, Thomas S, Mackay J, Warwick J, Kataoka M, Warsi I,
Brentnall A, Warren R and Duffy SW (2015).
A case-control study to assess the impact of mammographic density on breast cancer risk in women aged 40-49 at intermediate familial risk. International Journal of Cancer vol. 136, (10) 2378-2387.
10.1002/ijc.29275
Brentnall AR, Vasiljevic N, Scibior-Bentkowska D, Cadman L, Austin J, Cuzick J and Lorincz AT (2015).
HPV33 DNA methylation measurement improves cervical pre-cancer risk estimation of an HPV16, HPV18, HPV31 and EPB41L3 methylation classifier. Cancer Biomarkers vol. 15, (5) 669-675.
10.3233/CBM-1505072014

Evans DG,
Brentnall AR, Harvie M, Dawe S, Sergeant JC, Stavrinos P, Astley S, Wilson M, Ainsworth J, Cuzick J, Buchan I, Donnelly LS and Howell A (2014).
Breast cancer risk in young women in the national breast screening programme: implications for applying NICE guidelines for additional screening and chemoprevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) vol. 7, (10) 993-1001.
10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0037
Brentnall AR, Vasiljevi N, Scibior-Bentkowska D, Cadman L, Austin J, Szarewski A, Cuzick J and Lorincz AT (2014).
A DNA methylation classifier of cervical precancer based on human papillomavirus and human genes. Int J Cancer vol. 135, (6) 1425-1432.
10.1002/ijc.28790
Moore KM, Thomas GJ, Duffy SW, Warwick J, Gabe R, Chou P, Ellis IO, Green AR, Haider S, Brouilette K, Saha A, Vallath S, Bowen R,
Chelala C, Eccles D, Tapper WJ, Thompson AM, Quinlan P, Jordan L, Gillett C,
Brentnall A, Violette S, Weinreb PH, Kendrew J, Barry ST, Hart IR, Jones JL and Marshall JF (2014).
Therapeutic targeting of integrin αvβ6 in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst vol. 106, (8)
10.1093/jnci/dju169
Evans DGR, Ingham S, Dawe S, Roberts L, Lalloo F,
Brentnall AR, Stavrinos P and Howell A (2014).
Breast cancer risk assessment in 8,824 women attending a family history evaluation and screening programme. Familial Cancer vol. 13, (2) 189-196.
10.1007/s10689-013-9694-z
Vasiljevi N, Scibior-Bentkowska D,
Brentnall A, Cuzick J and Lorincz A (2014).
A comparison of methylation levels in HPV18, HPV31 and HPV33 genomes reveals similar associations with cervical precancers. J Clin Virol vol. 59, (3) 161-166.
10.1016/j.jcv.2013.12.014
Vasiljevi N, Scibior-Bentkowska D,
Brentnall AR, Cuzick J and Lorincz AT (2014).
Credentialing of DNA methylation assays for human genes as diagnostic biomarkers of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in high-risk HPV positive women. Gynecol Oncol vol. 132, (3) 709-714.
10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.02.001
Brentnall AR, Evans DG and Cuzick J (2014).
Distribution of breast cancer risk from SNPs and classical risk factors in women of routine screening age in the UK. Br J Cancer vol. 110, (3) 827-828.
10.1038/bjc.2013.747
Ho-Yen CM, Green AR, Rakha EA,
Brentnall AR, Ellis IO, Kermorgant S and Jones JL (2014).
C-Met in invasive breast cancer: is there a relationship with the basal-like subtype? Cancer vol. 120, (2) 163-171.
10.1002/cncr.28386
(2014).
Mammographic breast density refines Tyrer-Cuzick estimates of breast cancer risk in high-risk women: findings from the placebo arm of the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study I. Breast Cancer Research : Bcr vol. 16, (5)
10.1186/s13058-014-0451-52013

Moore KM, Thomas GJ, Duffy SW, Warwick J, Gabe R, Chou P, Ellis IO, Green AR, Haider S, Brouilette K, Saha A, Vallath S, Bowen R,
Chelala C, Eccles D, Tapper WJ, Thompson AM, Quinlan P, Jordan L, Gillett C,
Brentnall A, Violette S, Weinreb P, Kendrew J, Barry ST, Hart IR, Jones L and Marshall JF (2013).
Abstract B046: Therapeutic targeting of integrin αvβ6 in high-risk breast cancer. 10.1158/1557-3125.advbc-b046
Lorincz AT,
Brentnall AR, Vasiljevi N, Scibior-Bentkowska D, Castanon A, Fiander A, Powell N, Tristram A, Cuzick J and Sasieni P (2013).
HPV16 L1 and L2 DNA methylation predicts high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with mildly abnormal cervical cytology. Int J Cancer vol. 133, (3) 637-644.
10.1002/ijc.280502012
Brentnall AR, Duffy SW, Baio G and Raine R (2012).
Strategy for power calculation for interactions: application to a trial of interventions to improve uptake of bowel cancer screening. Contemp Clin Trials vol. 33, (1) 213-217.
10.1016/j.cct.2011.09.0212011
Brentnall AR, Duffy SW, Crowder MJ, Gillan MGC, Astley SM, Wallis MG, James J, Boggis CRM and Gilbert FJ (2011).
A METHOD FOR EXPLORATORY REPEATED-MEASURES ANALYSIS APPLIED TO A BREAST-CANCER SCREENING STUDY. Annals of Applied Statistics vol. 5, (4) 2448-2469.
10.1214/11-AOAS481
Allen MD, Vaziri R, Green M,
Chelala C,
Brentnall AR, Dreger S, Vallath S, Nitch-Smith H, Hayward J, Carpenter R, Holliday DL, Walker RA, Hart IR and Jones JL (2011).
Clinical and functional significance of α9β1 integrin expression in breast cancer: a novel cell-surface marker of the basal phenotype that promotes tumour cell invasion. J Pathol vol. 223, (5) 646-658.
10.1002/path.2833
Vasiljevi N, Wu K,
Brentnall AR, Kim DC, Thorat MA, Kudahetti SC, Mao X, Xue L, Yu Y, Shaw GL, Beltran L, Lu Y-J, Berney DM, Cuzick J and Lorincz AT (2011).
Absolute quantitation of DNA methylation of 28 candidate genes in prostate cancer using pyrosequencing. Dis Markers vol. 30, (4) 151-161.
10.3233/DMA-2011-07902010

Duffy SW, Mackay J, Thomas S, Anderson E, Evans DG, Fielder H, Fox R, Gray J, Gui G, Macmillan D, Moss S, Rogers C, Sainsbury R, Sibbering M, Boggis C, Burn J, Cuzick J, Haward B, Howell A, Mansel R, Cork HM, Robertson J, Patnick J, Pharoah P, Robinson A, Sutton S, Kataoka M, Moyle P, Wallis M and Warren R (2010).
Mammographic surveillance in women younger than 50 years who have a family history of breast cancer: tumour characteristics and projected effect on mortality in the prospective, single-arm, FH01 study. Lancet Oncol vol. 11, (12) 1127-1134.
10.1016/S1470.2045(10)70263.1
James JJ, Gilbert FJ, Wallis MG, Gillan MGC, Astley SM, Boggis CRM, Agbaje OF,
Brentnall AR and DUFFY SW (2010).
Mammographic Features of Breast Cancers at Single Reading with Computer-aided Detection and at Double Reading in a Large Multicenter Prospective Trial of Computer-aided Detection: CADET II. Radiology vol. 256, (2) 379-386.
10.1148/radiol.10091899
Brentnall AR, Crowder MJ and Hand DJ (2010).
Predicting the amount individuals withdraw at cash machines using a random effects multinomial model. Stat Model vol. 10, (2) 197-214.
10.1177/1471082X08010002052009
2008
Brentnall AR, Crowder MJ and Hand DJ (2008).
A statistical model for the temporal pattern of individual automated teller machine withdrawals. Journal of The Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics vol. 57, (1) 43-59.
10.1111/j.1467-9876.2007.00599.x2004
Brentnall AR, Cheng RC and Drew A (2004).
Statistical analysis of an air traffic control problem. International Journal of Simulation: Systems, Science and Technology vol. 5, (1-2) 26-32.